Neutral-Atom QPUs — the Analog Quantum-Computing Mode

Neutral-atom machines are programmed in analog mode — analog quantum computation, a real computational mode in which a time-dependent Rydberg Hamiltonian drives the atoms; it is not a classical software simulator. Instead of a gate list you specify that Hamiltonian and let the atoms evolve under it. The gate-based sample/observe entry points do not apply here — you describe the evolution instead.

The analog model

You place atoms at sites in a register, then drive them with a global laser described by three controls — Rabi amplitude Ω, phase φ, and detuning δ — each a function of time supplied by a schedule. Nearby atoms interact through the Rydberg blockade, which is what makes the dynamics non-trivial.

import qalgora

# Conceptual API only; not in the open reference implementation.
# Analog neutral-atom mode is a planned/spec interface.
# program = qalgora.analog.RydbergProgram(
#     atom_sites=register,          # QuEra Aquila — up to 256 atoms
#     amplitude=omega,
#     phase=phi,
#     detuning=delta,
#     schedule=schedule)
# result = qalgora.analog.evolve(program, target="quera")

Available targets

Credentials

Each vendor authenticates differently. Pasqal, for example, exchanges your login for a short-lived token that the target reads from the environment:

from pasqal_cloud import SDK
import os

sdk = SDK(username=os.environ.get("PASQAL_USERNAME"),
          password=os.environ.get("PASQAL_PASSWORD"))
token = sdk.user_token()

os.environ["PASQAL_AUTH_TOKEN"] = str(token)
os.environ["PASQAL_PROJECT_ID"] = "your project id"

# Planned remote target — not runnable in the reference build:
# qalgora.set_target("pasqal", machine="FRESNEL")