Jiuzhang — Photonic Quantum Computing (九章)
Jiuzhang is a photonic quantum computer built at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) by Pan Jianwei's team. It performs Gaussian Boson Sampling (GBS) and holds a landmark quantum-advantage result.
Generations
| Version | Year | Detected photons |
|---|---|---|
| Jiuzhang 1.0 | 2020 | 76 |
| Jiuzhang 2.0 | 2021 | 113 |
| Jiuzhang 3.0 | 2023 | 255 |
| Jiuzhang 4.0 | 2026 | 3050 |
Jiuzhang 3.0 solves a Gaussian Boson Sampling instance about 10 quadrillion times faster than the fastest classical supercomputer — a sample that would take Frontier over 20 billion years is produced in roughly one microsecond.
For Jiuzhang 4.0, published papers/reports indicate it uses 1,024 squeezed-state inputs across 8,176 modes and manipulates and detects up to 3,050 photons in specific GBS tasks, via a programmable time–space hybrid encoding; exact performance figures should follow the published papers.
Gaussian Boson Sampling with qalgora-Q
import qalgora
# Conceptual API only; not in the open reference implementation.
# Build a Gaussian Boson Sampling program and run it on the photonic device:
program = qalgora.photonic.GBSProgram(
squeezing=..., # per-mode squeezing parameters
interferometer=..., # mode-mixing unitary
shots_count=10000,
)
samples = qalgora.photonic.run(program, target="jiuzhang")References
- Y.-H. Deng et al., "Gaussian boson sampling with pseudo-photon-number-resolving detectors and quantum computational advantage," Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 150601 (2023). arXiv:2304.12240
九章 光量子计算（Jiuzhang）
九章是由中国科学技术大学（中国科大）潘建伟团队研制的光量子计算机。它执行高斯玻色采样（GBS），并取得了里程碑式的量子优势成果。
历代版本
| 版本 | 年份 | 探测光子数 |
|---|---|---|
| 九章一号 | 2020 | 76 |
| 九章二号 | 2021 | 113 |
| 九章三号 | 2023 | 255 |
| 九章四号 | 2026 | 3050 |
九章三号求解一个高斯玻色采样实例，比最快的经典超级计算机快约 1 亿亿倍——「前沿」（Frontier）需耗时逾 200 亿年才能产出的样本，它约一微秒即可生成。
关于九章四号，公开论文/报道显示，使用 1024 个压缩态输入、8176 模式，并在特定 GBS 任务中操纵和探测最多 3050 个光子；具体性能表述以论文为准。
用 qalgora-Q 做高斯玻色采样
import qalgora
# 仅为概念性接口；开源参考实现尚未包含。
# 构建高斯玻色采样程序，并在光量子设备上运行：
program = qalgora.photonic.GBSProgram(
squeezing=..., # 每个模式的压缩参数
interferometer=..., # 模式混合的幺正变换
shots_count=10000,
)
samples = qalgora.photonic.run(program, target="jiuzhang")参考文献
- Y.-H. Deng et al., "Gaussian boson sampling with pseudo-photon-number-resolving detectors and quantum computational advantage," Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 150601 (2023). arXiv:2304.12240