Microsoft Azure Quantum
Azure Quantum brokers trapped-ion, superconducting, and neutral-atom hardware behind Azure identity and billing — part of the broader Microsoft Quantum program. qalgora-Q documents Azure provider targets; real submission requires the Azure Quantum SDK and an Azure subscription.
Providers
| Provider | Devices | Plan |
|---|---|---|
| Quantinuum | H2-1 / H2-2 (56q each), QCCD trapped ion | Standard / Premium |
| IonQ | Aria 1 (25q) / Forte 1 / Forte Enterprise 1 (36q) | Pay-as-you-go |
| Rigetti | Cepheus-1-108Q (108q) superconducting | Pay-as-you-go |
| Pasqal | Fresnel (100q) neutral-atom | Pay-as-you-go |
| Quantum Circuits (QCI) | Error-correcting superconducting — coming soon (private preview) | — |
Treat this as indicative: the authoritative provider and device list is Azure's own target list. The configuration a device exposes on Azure — including qubit counts such as Quantinuum H2-1 / H2-2 — can differ from the vendor-direct / Nexus system. As of the documentation review date, public sources read this way; defer to the vendor's and Azure's official listings.
Microsoft's own hardware — Majorana
Microsoft's headline hardware is the topological qubit. Microsoft has announced Majorana 1 (Feb 2025), described as the first chip with a Topological Core (8 topological qubits) on an architecture Microsoft says is meant to scale to a million, and Majorana 2 (Microsoft Build, June 2026), which Microsoft reports gives ~1,000× better qubit reliability (parity lifetimes >20 s) by switching the material from aluminium to lead. Microsoft states a roadmap target of a scalable, fault-tolerant machine by 2029 — a roadmap goal, not a delivered capability. As of the documentation review date, these are vendor claims; specifics defer to Microsoft's official announcements.
Workspace & credentials
Azure Quantum jobs run inside an Azure Quantum workspace (a resource in your
subscription). Authenticate with the Azure CLI (az login); billing flows through the
provider's plan (pay-as-you-go, or Quantinuum Standard/Premium).
bell
is a predefined kernel from earlier in these docs.)import qalgora
# Planned Azure Quantum adapter — NOT in the open reference build.
# Real submission needs the Azure Quantum SDK + an Azure subscription.
# az login first, then point at your workspace:
# qalgora.set_target("azure", machine="quantinuum.qpu.h2-1",
# workspace="my-quantum-workspace", location="eastus")
# job = qalgora.sample_async(bell, shots_count=2000) # bell = predefined kernel
# print(job.status())
# print(job.get())Resource estimation
Azure's Resource Estimator projects the physical qubits and runtime a fault-tolerant algorithm
would need. As of 2026 it ships as the Python qdk.qre module (the old VS Code estimator
is deprecated). qalgora-Q's estimate_resources gives the
logical-circuit cost that feeds such an estimate.
res = qalgora.estimate_resources(shor_kernel, N)
print(res.gate_count, res.depth, res.num_qubits)References
- Microsoft Azure Quantum, provider global availability. learn.microsoft.com
- Microsoft, "Majorana 1" topological-qubit announcement (Feb 2025). The underlying Majorana evidence remains contested in the physics community; renewed Nature critiques were reported in June 2026. reuters.com
Microsoft Azure Quantum
Azure Quantum 把离子阱、超导和中性原子等多种硬件统一接入，共用一套 Azure 身份认证与计费体系，是更大的 Microsoft Quantum 计划的一部分。qalgora-Q 记录 Azure 服务商目标；真正提交需 Azure Quantum SDK 与 Azure 订阅。
服务商
| 服务商 | 设备 | 套餐 |
|---|---|---|
| Quantinuum | H2-1 / H2-2（各 56 比特），QCCD 离子阱 | 标准版 / 高级版 |
| IonQ | Aria 1（25 比特）/ Forte 1 / Forte Enterprise 1（36 比特） | 按量付费 |
| Rigetti | Cepheus-1-108Q（108 比特）超导 | 按量付费 |
| Pasqal | Fresnel（100 比特）中性原子 | 按量付费 |
| Quantum Circuits (QCI) | 纠错超导——即将上线（私有预览） | — |
以上仅供参考：权威的服务商与设备清单应以 Azure 官方的 target list 为准。设备在 Azure 上暴露 的配置（包括 Quantinuum H2-1 / H2-2 等的比特数）与厂商直连 / Nexus 系统能力可能不同。截至文档核对日期，公开资料如此；具体以厂商与 Azure 官方公告为准。
微软自研硬件——Majorana
微软如今的旗舰硬件是拓扑量子比特。据微软宣布，Majorana 1（2025 年 2 月）是首款带拓扑核心（8 个拓扑比特）的芯片，微软称其架构面向百万比特扩展；微软报告，Majorana 2（2026 年 6 月 Microsoft Build）通过将材料由铝改为铅，宣称比特可靠性提升约 1,000 倍（宇称寿命 >20 秒）。微软将可扩展容错机的路线图目标定在 2029 年——这是路线图目标，而非已交付的能力。截至文档核对日期，以上均为厂商宣称，具体以微软官方公告为准。
工作区与凭证
Azure Quantum 任务在 Azure Quantum 工作区（订阅中的一个资源）内运行。使用 Azure CLI（az login）进行认证；计费通过服务商套餐结算（按量付费，或 Quantinuum 标准版/高级版）。
import qalgora
# 规划中的 Azure Quantum 适配器流程 —— 开放参考实现中不包含。
# 真正提交需 Azure Quantum SDK 与 Azure 订阅。
# 先执行 az login，再指向你的工作区：
# qalgora.set_target("azure", machine="quantinuum.qpu.h2-1",
# workspace="my-quantum-workspace", location="eastus")
# job = qalgora.sample_async(bell, shots_count=2000) # bell 为预定义内核
# print(job.status())
# print(job.get())资源估算
Azure 资源估算器可预测容错算法所需的物理量子比特数与运行时。2026 年起它以 Python qdk.qre 模块形式提供（旧的 VS Code 估算器已弃用）。qalgora-Q 的 estimate_resources 给出逻辑电路开销，作为此类估算的输入。
res = qalgora.estimate_resources(shor_kernel, N)
print(res.gate_count, res.depth, res.num_qubits)参考文献
- Microsoft Azure Quantum, provider global availability. learn.microsoft.com
- Microsoft, "Majorana 1" topological-qubit announcement (Feb 2025). The underlying Majorana evidence remains contested in the physics community; renewed Nature critiques were reported in June 2026. reuters.com